===Previous version(s) that may have more info are [[SS Reparations Aff|here]]=== 

As of August 1
**P****lan:**  
**The** **United States** **federal government should substantially increase its public health assistance to Sub Saharan** **Africa****.** 

**Chapter 1: The Apartheid Past** 
**The public health failures in** **Africa** **are a result of ongoing** **US** **colonialism. The** **US** **must address the question of reparations to recognize and reconcile centuries of apartheid.** 
**__Africa__** **__Action__** "Reparations" 200**__7 (__**http://www.africaaction.org/resources/issues/reparations.php). 

**Moreover,responding to the current health crisis through the** **discourse of repa****rations is necessary** **to add****ress lingering damage.**
Salih **__Booker,__** executive director of Africa Action. June 19, 200**__3__** (Who owes whom? AIDS and reparations [[http://www.csmonitor.com/|Christian Science Monitor]], http://www.africaaction.org/desk/csm0306.htm). 

**And,** **rebuilding public health is the necessary form of these repa****rations.**
Steve **__Miller,__** The Washington Times, September 11, 200**__1__****__.__**


**And, this continued colonialism contributes to immeasurable dehumanization and death – leading to a loss of value to life.** 
Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Archbishop Desmond **__Tutu__** 5 September 200**__1__** 
Ecumenical caucus statement at World Conference Against Racism http://www.oikoumene.org/index.php?id=2442. 

**And, value to life out weighs nuclear war and extinction** 
Michael E. **__Zimmerman,__**  Professor. Philosophy. University of Tulane. **__1993 (__**Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Pg. 119-120. 1993.) 






1AC - Reparations 

**Chapter 2:** **Decision Calculus** 

**R****epresentation shapes the way policies towards** **Afri****ca** **are created – representations of** **Africa** **a****s the "Other" justifies** **cultural domination – we must question our framing and representations in the context of** **Africa****.**
Lucy **__Jarosz__**, University of Washington Department of Geography, 19**__92__**, Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography, Vol. 74, No. 2., p. 105-115, JSTOR. 

**And,** **Prioritizing the politics of the "here" above the politics of the "elsewhere" represe****nts** **Africa** **as a risk - this** **perpetuates the cause of violence rather than contributing to their solution.**
Riat **__Abrahamsen__**, Department of Internatino Politics – University of Wales, 200**__5__**, Alternatives 30, Blair's Africa: "The Polics of Securitization of Fear".

**The decision to advocate the plan should not be conditioned on poor choices other people will make afterwards — we can act only on our own moral agency** 
Alan **__Gewirth ‘82__**, Edward Edward Carson Waller Distinguished Service Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago, Human Rights, p. 230] 

**And, Err of the side of probable impacts - their so called experts don’t understand the future of political affairs and cannot accurately predict events. They are as accurate as monkey’s throwing dart.** 
**__Menand 2005 (__**Louis ,phd Colombia and Robert M. and Anne T. Bass Professor of English and American Literature and Language at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University|Harvard University]]., The New Yorker, 12-05-2005, http://www.newyorker.com/critics/content/articles/051205crbo_books1 ) [O’Brien]

**Finally, suppressing phrase like “sub-Saharan” because it is offensive preserves its injurious meaning - only by using the language can space be opened to reconstruct a more humane meaning** 
Anna **__Kurtz__** **__and__** Christopher **__Oscarson__**, Members of National Council of Teachers of English Conference on College, Composition and Communication, **__2003__** ("BookTalk: Revising the Discourse of Hate," ProQuest)